![]() ![]() Three decades of conservation success in India have resulted in rapid growth in some tiger populations ( Jhala et al., 2021). Instead of adequate knowledge about local-level interactions, our ability to instigate recovery at a global scale will be limited. Understanding local scale interactions are critical to advance towards the global goal and holds the key for recovering large carnivore as well as the whole trophic system. However, doubling tiger numbers by 2022 will depend on efforts toward restoring interactions between species at each trophic level from local to global scales. The crux of this goal depends on recovering potential habitats and enhancing prey populations. Petersburg Declaration to double the population of wild tigers by 2022. In 2010, the governments of 13 tiger range countries adopted the St. The situation is almost the same in the Indian sub-continent where tigers occur in only 11% of their historical range, yet this region still harbours around 60% of the global wild tiger population ( World Wildlife Fund, 2016). In the last 150 years, tigers Panthera tigris have lost around 93% of their global historical range through habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting and depletion of wild prey species ( Sanderson et al., 2006). They influence and can regulate prey by imposing top-down control and mesopredators through interference competition ( Hoeks et al., 2020). Large carnivores, being at the top of the food chain, have a pivotal role in maintaining the functional integrity of diverse ecosystems ( Ripple et al., 2014). Mammalian carnivores are susceptible to habitat fragmentation, disturbance, and exploitation by humans, and so are severely threatened with extinction and are declining globally ( Ginsberg, 2001).
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